Chemical Disinfection
Iodine is probably the best chemical method to disinfect water. However, it is very important to add iodine and then wait at least 20 minutes (or longer) before drinking the water. It is essential to follow directions carefully since high doses of iodine can be harmful. Iodine tablets or drops are sold at drug stores, camping and backpacking supply stores.
Clorine Dioxide Tabs or Liquid Products such as Aquamira, Portable Aqua, and others normally utilize a two part system of Chlorine Dioxide and Phosphoric Acid which when combined cause a chemical reaction in the water impeding the growth or life of bacteria and some microorganisms. There is a reasonable amount of research that suggests that the same chemicals that kill the bad microorganisms continue on in the water stream to your body killing good bacteria in your stomach and even in your rectal tract weakening your natural protections against the normal threats that you encounter in your food and surroundings. The problem is compounded by the fact that in a survival situation you are more likely Even more troubling is that the chemicals often continue on into the effluent stream where they kill off good bacteria which help to compost the solids safely back into the environment..
Chlorine Compounds: Recently the use of Chlorine compounds such as Chlorimine and others have been introduced to the list of chemical disinfection products. Most filtration systems that are designed to remove or greatly reduce the level of chlorine in the water. They are not capable of removing or reducing Chloriimines or Chlorinimides.
Crypto inactivation cannot be reached in the presence of 50 ppm chlorine stabilizer, even after 24 hours at 40 ppm free chlorine, pH 6.5, and a temperature of 77°F (25°C). Extrapolation of these data suggest it would take approximately 30 hours to kill 99.9% of Crypto in the presence of 50 ppm or less cyanuric acid, 40 ppm free chlorine, pH 6.5, and a temperature of 77°F (25°C) or higher. Shields JM, Arrowood MJ, Hill VR, Beach MJ. The effect of cyanuric acid on the chlorine inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in 20 ppm free chlorine. J Water Health. 2009;7(1):109–14. and NIH Vet Parasitol. 2004 Dec 9;126(1-2):219-34.
Chemical Disinfection
Chlorine will not kill Cryptosporidium or Botulism without “Hyperchlorination”. Even boiling the water will not kill botulism or Cryptosporidium, that requires 248 degrees Fahrenheit which is not attainable without a pressure cooker. Hyperchlorination has extreme impact on both the environment and also has negative impacts on human heath. Even external contact with Hyperchlorinated water is considered a major health risk by the NIH and CDC.
In numerous studies the results have found:
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