of 1924
Quoting:
"Formal rules are often adapted to subjective interests giving the practical everyday life of an organization more informality. Practical experience shows no organization is ever completely rule-bound: all real organizations represent some mix of formal and informal characteristics. When attempting to create a formal structure for an organization, it is necessary to recognize informal organization in order to create workable structures. Tended effectively, the informal organization complements the more explicit structures, plans, and processes of the formal organization. Informal organization can accelerate and enhance responses to unanticipated events, foster innovation, enable people to solve problems that require collaboration across boundaries, and create paths where the formal organization may someday need to pave a way."
The understanding of the human drive to individualism and resistance of structure which stunts growth and innovation through Informal Organization.
The Discovery of Informal Organization
I believe that once you have grasped the theories proffered by Durkheim, Toennies, and Lenski the final piece in the puzzle that unmasks what to most people is a vexing and insurmountable stalemate is the undoing of those who believe in the collectivist approach. That is the studies that led to the Human Relations Movement in the mid 1920's. That is the Hawthorne Studies of 1924 which outed the natural human drive to find and thrive in individualism within structured demanding societal constricts which inevitable disable individualism in favor of collectivism and "order".
The studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his associates where performed at the Hawthorne Plant of Western Electric Co. in 1924. The goal was to study the relationship between physical factors and production. Much to their surprise, they actually uncovered proof of what they solidified as "Informal Organization".
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