The DUNE facility in Italy is known as ICARUS located at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. It has been receiving neutrino signals from CERN in France transmitted through the earth’s crust (maybe mantle). situated near the Gran Sasso mountain in Italy, between the towns of L'Aquila and Teramo, about 120 km from Rome and few km from the village Assergi. In addition to a surface portion of the laboratory, there are extensive underground facilities beneath the mountain. It's the largest underground research center in the world.
The following is the technical explanation of what it is planned to do:
“The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a worldwide effort to construct a next-generation long-baseline neutrino experiment based at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. It is a merger of previous efforts and other interested parties to build, operate, and exploit a staged 40 kt liquid argon detector at the Sanford Underground Research Facility 1300 km from Fermilab, and a high precision near detector, exposed to a 1.2 MW, tunable beam produced by the PIP-II upgrade by 2024, evolving to a power of 2.3 MW by 2030.
The international context and motivation for a long-baseline neutrino experiment is well described in [3] from the last special issue on neutrino physics and oscillations. In that document, ideas for approaches to future long-baseline neutrino facilities in the US, Europe, and Japan are described. Since that time, the P5 report in the United States [1] and the strategy document for particle physics in Europe [12] have helped to shape the direction of the field. In particular, a conclusion of the European report was that CERN should help the European neutrino community participate in a long-baseline neutrino project outside of Europe. DUNE is made up of many former members from the LBNE and LBNO collaborations as well as many additional interested parties. It seems likely to grow to well over 1000 scientists during its phases of construction, installation, and operation. The collaboration formally adopted its rules in April of 2015. (Between the time of the P5 report and the formal start of the DUNE collaboration, it used the name ELBNF, for Experiment at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility.) It presently consists of 773 scientists from 144 institutions in 26 countries.”
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There are currently several Deep Underground Neutrino Experiments (DUNE) either in operation or under construction both in the USA and around the world.
These facilities are constructed to experiment with ultra-high powered beams of neutrinos, generally believed to be harmless in low levels. We are bombarded by millions of neutrinos every day. These experiments will fire high levels of neutrinos through to earth’s crust (in some cases, as in Italy, along known tectonic plate rifts and fault lines) to a receiver 800 miles away underground. For this discussion, we will not dive into the details of what they are looking to learn, though we should say it is particle physics and the origins of the planet and the universe.
There are at my last count over 26 accelerator and neutrino experiment facilities around the world. They are located in places such as Italy, Russia, India, China, and many others. See list here.
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)
CERN
The Day the Universe Changed
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